Should I install hadoop on a single node

I just bought a desktop computer with 16GB RAM and 1TB drive, i7-quad core. I will be partitioning off 800GB for Ubuntu so I can do some data science type tasks.

Is there any advantage to installing hadoop on this machine as it is only a single node? Are there any performance benefits I would receive when running MR jobs?

Or should I just leave it as one large disk and run my jobs there?

I plan to hook up to the Twitter API and mine for data (like everyone else on earth I suppose).

I'm not a database person at all and would really appreciate insights from those in the know. If I did go Hadoop, I would install Cloudera.

Thanks in advance.